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In most discussions, the global citizens movement is a socio-political process rather than a political organization or party structure. The term is often used synonymously with the anti-globalization movement or the global justice movement.〔Susan George, "Global Citizens Movement: A New Actor for a New Politics," Conference on Reshaping Globalisation: Multilateral Dialogues and New Policy Initiatives, Central European University, Budapest, October 18, 2001, http://www.tni.org/article/global-citizens-movement-new-actor-new-politics.〕 Global citizens movement has been used by activists to refer to a number of organized and overlapping citizens groups who seek to influence public policy often with the hope of establishing global solidarity on an issue. Such efforts include advocacy on ecological sustainability, corporate responsibility, social justice, and similar progressive issues. In theoretical discussions of social movements, global citizens movement refers to a complex and unprecedented phenomena made possible by the unique subjective and objective conditions of the planetary phase of civilization.〔Orion Kriegman, ''Dawn of the Cosmopolitan: The Hope of a Global Citizens Movement'' (Boston: Tellus Institute, 2006), http://www.tellus.org/pub/Dawn_of_the_Cosmopolitan.pdf.〕 The term is used to distinguish the latent potential for a profound shift in values among an aware and engaged citizenry from existing transnational citizens movements which tend to focus on specific issues (such as the anti-war movement or the labor movement).〔J. Guidry, M. Kennedy, and M. Zald, eds., ''Globalizations and Social Movements: Culture, Power, and the Transnational Public Sphere'' (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003; Daniel Jakopovich, "The Construction of a Trans-European Labour Movement," ''Capital & Class'' 35, no. 1 (February 2011): 63-79, http://cnc.sagepub.com/content/35/1/63.short.〕 ==Background== The concept of global citizenship first emerged among the Greek Cynics in the 4th Century BCE, who coined the term “cosmopolitan” – meaning ''citizen of the world''. The Stoics later elaborated on the concept. The contemporary concept of cosmopolitanism, which proposes that all individuals belong to a single moral community, has gained a new salience as scholars examine the ethical requirements of the planetary phase of civilization.〔Kwame Anthony Appiah, ''Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers'' (New York: W.W. Norton, 2006).〕 The idea that today’s objective and subjective conditions have increased the latency for an emergent global civic identity has been argued by the authors of the Global Scenario Group’s final report ''Great Transition: the Promise and Lure of the Times Ahead''.〔Paul Raskin, Tariq Banuri, Gilberto Gallopín, Pablo Gutman, Al Hammond, Robert Kates, and Rob Swart, ''Great Transition: The Promise and Lure of the Times Ahead'' (Boston: Stockholm Environment Institute, 2002), http://www.greattransition.org/gt-essay.〕 Similar arguments for the existence of a latent pool of tens of millions of people ready to identify around new values of earth consciousness have been put forth by such authors as Paul Raskin,〔Paul Raskin, ''World Lines: Pathways, Pivots, and the Global Futures'' (Boston: Tellus Institute, 2006), http://www.tellus.org/pub/World%20lines-A%20framework%20for%20exploring%20global%20pathways.pdf.〕 Paul H. Ray,〔Paul Ray and Sherry Anderson, ''The Cultural Creatives: How 50 Million People are Changing the World'' (New York: Three Rivers Press, 2000).〕 and David Korten.〔David Korten, ''The Great Turning: From Empire to Earth Community'' (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2007)〕 Organizations, such as Oxfam International believe that a global citizens movement rooted in social and economic justice is emerging and is necessary for ending global poverty.〔Oxfam International, ''Towards Global Equity: Oxfam International's Strategic Plan, 2001 – 2006'' (Oxford, UK: Oxfam International, 2001).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「global citizens movement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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